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Pandemic Hack: How to Build With Less Wood

6/23/2021

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​As the world continues to battle the COVID-19 pandemic, architecture and construction are experiencing a downturn due to shortages in building materials. Demand for lumber and plywood is high because more new homes and additions are being built while labor is scarce for wood mills and in the trucking industry, and a glue shortage has slowed plywood production. Clients are changing their minds about moving forward with their projects and contractors are scrambling to figure out how to make money on projects where current prices have little relationship to their original bids.
Image Credit: https://photostockeditor.com, Creative Commons CC0
Folks have been talking about building more efficiently for a long time but pandemic conditions have made the need to build with less wood a priority. Less wood means lower costs, which means that your project might actually be built. As a client, you can help keep your project within budget by staying informed and asking your contractor the right questions. Here are some tips for building with less wood.
Use advanced framing instead of conventional framing. Advanced framing uses 2X6 wood studs spaced 24 inches on center in place of 2X4 or 2X6 studs placed 16 inches on center in conventional framing. Walls are topped with a single top plate instead of a double top plate. And windows and doors have single instead of double headers. Overall, advanced framing means using less wood. This in turn leads to more energy-efficient buildings. Not only are you optimizing material usage and reducing construction waste, but you are also maximizing space for cavity insulation and minimizing the potential for insulation voids! More insulation and a tighter building envelope equals a more energy-efficient building.

Plywood is very expensive at the moment so it is helpful to find ways to reduce plywood during construction. One option is to replace plywood sheathing on the exterior of wood framed walls with metal strapping. Properly-installed and spaced metal straps can provide resistance to loads much like plywood sheathing. One downside is that it is more difficult to attach siding to the building if metal straps have been used instead of plywood. But this can be overcome by being careful to ensure that nailing only happens where there is a stud to nail to.



​You can’t avoid plywood sheathing entirely on the roof. But you can minimize it by using thinner boards (down to 7/16 inch thick) in place of the typical 5/8 inch boards. If thinner boards are used then you must solid block the edges of the sheathing by nailing 2X4s or 2X3s to it or attaching the whole thing together with metal clips. The thinner plywood is floppy at the edges so solid blocking will provide the necessary support.
Architects and builders have known and used these strategies for some time. They are widely used for green building, for example. But, with the costs of building supplies at their highest levels in decades, there is no reason not to popularize these strategies. You can have your cake and eat it too!

Links:
https://www.protradecraft.com/article/best-way-frame-less-wood-more-thought
https://www.apawood.org/advanced-framing
www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/cad/detail/metal-strapping-as-shear-bracing
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What To Do When Your Building Project Gets Red Tagged

6/21/2021

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The process of building is complex. Building codes are often opaque to lay people and some people start construction on a project only to find themselves in the difficult situation of receiving a red tag or “stop work order.” So what should you do if this happens to you?
Photograph by Eli Pousson, 2018 February 27, Flickr, CC0 1.0
Reasons Why You May Have Received A Red Tag
There are many reasons why you may have received a red tag. The most common reason is for failure to obtain a building permit. You may have gotten the wrong type of permit, you may not be following safety regulations, or there may be some kind of contractor dispute that needs to be resolved before work can continue.
 
City and municipal governments have inspectors whose job it is to keep track of building activity in their jurisdictions. The inspector may have seen or gotten word of a violation, driven by to inspect, and posted cease and desist signs on your property. The signs will explain what the problem is and how to resolve it.
 
What To Do Now
Carefully read the sign to understand the problem. Stop all work as outlined in the order. If you do not stop, you may be fined or even arrested. It is often a good idea to call the building inspector or whoever issued the stop work order to ask for further clarification and to signal your good faith intention to follow the law.
 
Different states have different regulations governing what types of projects require an architect. In Rhode Island, for example, drawings for the construction of any building other than a single or two family residence or any structure of 35,000 CUBIC feet or greater must be stamped by an architect currently registered in Rhode Island. Civil or structural engineers are only allowed to stamp drawings under 35,000 CUBIC feet. And they are only allowed to do so if the work being stamped is within the scope of their normal activity. Additionally, building officials may require an architect’s stamp if they believe a project is complex enough to benefit from one. The rules in Massachusetts are very similar. So you may want to hire an architect to help you navigate the complexities of obtaining a building permit--even in cases where you are not legally required to do so.
 
For example, apart from developing a design that is attractive and actually makes sense in terms of layout, clients will benefit from an architect’s knowledge and experience if they are building a very large single family home or if the project involves a unique design. If a project is located on an existing city lot, then there will be zoning considerations that determine what type of construction is allowed and what will fit on the lot. Or if your building is in a flood zone, you may need to work with overlapping jurisdictions including city and state conservation agencies, and an architect can guide you through this process. Any project that leads to a change of use of an existing building or site (e.g. from a residential to a commercial use) may require an architect’s stamp.
 
How to Avoid This In The Future
You can avoid getting red tagged by doing your research before you start your project. Ideally, this should happen in the pie in the sky phase – when you are still conceptualizing the project. Call the building department to ask if your project is feasible and what permits you will need. Or hire a trusted professional to help you with the process. Architects can help you with this because they have many years of experience and understand building codes and zoning rules. Trust their advice. They often have long-standing relationships with building, zoning, and planning officials in various jurisdictions, so they can reach out to one of their contacts informally to ask about the feasibility of your project, and what will be necessary to get a building permit. An informal “yes” is of course no guarantee that permission will be granted, but, it will at least point you in the right direction and make you aware of potential problems.
 
Resources:
Common Residential Code Violations: https://realestate.usnews.com/real-estate/articles/5-must-ask-questions-about-code-violations-in-your-home
State of Rhode Island Building Code: http://www.ribcc.ri.gov/
Massachusetts Building Code: https://www.mass.gov/massachusetts-state-building-code-780-cmr
American Institute of Architects, “You and Your Architect”: https://aiala.com/wp-content/uploads/You-and-Your-Architect.pdf
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David Sisson Architecture is a full service professional architecture firm based in East Providence, Rhode Island. We are licensed, registered, and insured for architectural services in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New York and Washington, providing both commercial architecture and residential architecture services. David Sisson is available for institutional architectural design, assisted living design, new construction and remodeling, and office and retail interior design.

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